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For instance, the SHA-256 of this word BUTTERFLY (origin ) is 8c62ace4f9ef8ccd08ca6fb992a8524bb7dbdc0530654bd254c9da07a660949a (HASH). This seemingly random string of letters and numbers has three important properties:

Bitcoin mining involves three variables: the cube, the mining difficulty and a random number. Heres how it all comes together:

Imagine our block consists of the term BUTTERFLY discussed earlier. In fact, the block would contain a listing of recent, unverified transactions, but lets keep it simple. In order for the block to be solved, bitcoin uses a deceptively simple test: If the HASH consequence of the block starts with a certain number of zeros, the cube is considered confirmed.

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For instance, lets say that we have a mining difficulty of simply two, ie, our HASH should start with two zeros. .

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The problem: BUTTERFLY will always return the exact same HASH, and it doesnt start with two zeros. So what we need is the third variable, a random number (known as a NONCE). We carry this number, combine it with BUTTERFLY, and HASH again. If it doesnt begin with two zeros, we change the number and try again, and since changing one little number changes the entire HASH outcome, there is no way to predict the number well need to solve this! .

We repeat this procedure over and over until we find a number that, when combined with BUTTERFLY, provides us a HASH that begins with two zeros. That number is the solution to the block. Here are some tries:

This arduous procedure of randomly trying to find a number that supplies the solution is the thing that creates bitcoin mining such a computationally expensive process, and as more miners join the network, the harder it gets. At November 2017, a normal home computer working alone, ie, not an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and not a part of a cloud mining network, would take 2.7 million years into mine one block. .

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This has caused the rise of ASIC computers built specifically for mining and also to an increase in cloud mining.

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CPU mining. In the early days of bitcoin, mining issue was reduced and not a lot of miners were competing for blocks and rewards. This made it worthwhile to use your computers own central processing unit (CPU) to mine bitcoin. However, that approach was soon replaced by GPU mining.

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GPU mining. An graphics processing unit (GPU) is a powerful processor whose sole purpose is to assist your own computers graphics card in rendering 3D graphics. GPUs are not constructed for executive decisions (like CPUs) but to be somewhat great labourers, hence GPUs can execute over 800 times more instructions in precisely the same amount of time as a CPU.

FPGA mining. Next came mining with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). These significantly outperformed GPUs and CPUs in the mining process as FPGAs are chips which can be programmed to execute certain instructions and only those instructions (instead of being repurposed for mining, like GPUs were).

ASIC mining. Comparable to FPGAs, application-specific integrated circuits are chips designed for a particular purpose, in our situation mining bitcoin, and nothing else. ASICs for bitcoin were introduced in 2013 and, as of November 2017, they are the best processors available for mining bitcoin and they outperform FPGAs in electricity consumption. .

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Mining pools. To offset the difficulty of mining a block, miners started organising in pools or cloud mining networks. Whenever a miner in one of those pools solves a block, the payoff is shared with everyone in the pool in a ratio representative of how much work you put into the pool (even though you personally never solved the puzzle). .

Cloud mining. Clouds offer prospective miners the capability to buy mining channels in a remote data centre location. There are many obvious advantages, the most obvious being: no electricity expenses, no extra heat and nothing to sell when you decide to hang your virtual pickaxe.

Once miners receive bitcoin, they are given a virtual key to the bitcoin addresses. You can use this electronic key to access and confirm or approve transactions.

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Desktop pockets. Software such as Bitcoin Core allows you to send and store bitcoin addresses and connects to the network to track transactions.

Online wallets. Bitcoin keys are stored online by exchange programs such as Coinbase or Circle and can be accessed from anywhere.

Mobile wallets. Apps like Blockchain shop and encrypt your own bitcoin keys so that you can make payments using your cellular device.

Paper wallets. Some websites provide paper wallet services, generating a bit of paper with just two see this QR codes on it. One code is your public address at which you receive bitcoin and the other is your personal address you can use for spending.

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